The Basics Eligibility What's Covered Companies Asset Amnesty Practical Steps Living in Turkey

The Basics

Turkey's Grand National Assembly passed a comprehensive fiscal incentive package proposed by President Erdogan. The centrepiece is a 20-year exemption from Turkish income tax on all foreign-source income for new qualifying residents. The package also includes reduced corporate tax rates for manufacturers and exporters, special provisions for the Istanbul Finance Centre (IFC), and a wealth amnesty allowing repatriation of overseas assets at low tax rates.

The law now awaits promulgation by President Erdogan in Turkey's Official Gazette (Resmi Gazete), which must happen within 15 days of parliamentary passage. A veto is not expected, as Erdogan himself initiated the package.

The exemption is backdated to apply from 1 January 2026. This means individuals who established Turkish tax residency from that date onward are potentially eligible — even before the bill was debated or signed.

The formal effective date will be the publication date in Turkey's Official Gazette. Once published, the law is in force and qualifying residents can begin relying on it.

Yes, but with some key differences:

  • Portugal's NHR (now expired): Offered 10 years of reduced/exempt rates. Turkey offers 20 years.
  • Italy's flat tax regime: Charges a flat €100,000 annual tax regardless of foreign income level. Turkey charges zero.
  • UAE: No income tax at all, but also no EU proximity, no EU travel convenience, and higher cost of living in Dubai. Turkey offers similar tax treatment with a significantly lower cost of living.
  • Greece's non-dom regime: Flat €100,000 annually. Turkey's approach is purely percentage-based — zero percent on qualifying foreign income.

Turkey's 20-year duration is among the longest of any programme currently available globally.

No. The exemption applies specifically to foreign-source income. Any income earned in Turkey — salary from a Turkish employer, rental income from Turkish property, gains on Turkish-listed shares — is still taxed at Turkey's standard progressive rates of 15% to 40%.

Think of it as a territorial tax system: what you earn outside Turkey stays outside Turkey's tax reach, for 20 years.

Eligibility

To qualify, you must meet all of the following criteria:

  1. You must not have had a registered domicile in Turkey during the three calendar years immediately before relocating.
  2. You must not have had any Turkish tax liability during those same three prior years.
  3. You must establish Turkish tax residency from 1 January 2026 onward.
  4. You must comply with standard Turkish residency registration requirements.

In practice, this targets people who were living and paying taxes abroad (not in Turkey) for at least three years before moving. Returning Turkish citizens who lived abroad for 3+ years can potentially qualify alongside foreign nationals.

Potentially yes. The law is framed around prior residency and tax liability, not nationality. If a Turkish citizen lived outside Turkey without domicile or Turkish tax liability for the required three calendar years, they may qualify upon re-establishing residence from January 2026.

This is an important nuance — legal advice specific to your nationality and prior tax history is strongly recommended to confirm eligibility.

The legislation does not appear to restrict eligibility by nationality — it is based on prior residency and tax status. However, your ability to live in Turkey long-term depends on your nationality and the type of visa or residency permit you can obtain.

EU, UK, US, and many other nationals can obtain short-stay visas automatically, and longer-term residence permits are widely available. Turkish citizenship by investment is also an option for some. We recommend getting residency visa advice alongside tax advice.

Turkish tax residency is generally established in one of two ways:

  • Physical presence: Spending more than 183 days in Turkey in a calendar year.
  • Domicile: Having a registered address in Turkey and treating it as your primary home, regardless of the number of days spent.

In practice, obtaining a Turkish residence permit and registering your address with local authorities is the standard path. A tax advisor can register you with the Turkish tax authority (GİB) and obtain your tax number (Vergi Kimlik Numarası).

Based on current reporting, the legislation does not impose a minimum income or net worth threshold for the personal tax exemption. The eligibility criteria focus on prior residency and tax status, not wealth levels.

However, practical eligibility — particularly for obtaining suitable residence permits — may involve financial sufficiency requirements. This varies by permit type.

What Income Is Covered

The following types of foreign-source income are covered by the 20-year exemption:

  • Dividends from companies incorporated and operating outside Turkey
  • Interest income from foreign bank accounts and bonds
  • Rental income from properties located outside Turkey
  • Capital gains on shares listed on foreign stock exchanges
  • Capital gains on foreign real estate or other overseas investments
  • Freelance and consulting income where the client and work are based outside Turkey
  • Foreign pension and annuity income (subject to confirmation of treaty treatment)

Crucially, exempt foreign income does not even appear on your Turkish tax return — it is simply outside the Turkish tax system for the duration of the exemption period.

The following income types remain fully taxable at standard Turkish progressive rates (15%–40%):

  • Salary or wages paid by a Turkish employer for work performed in Turkey
  • Rental income from Turkish properties
  • Capital gains on shares listed on Borsa Istanbul
  • Dividends paid by Turkish-resident companies
  • Business income from operations physically located or performed in Turkey
  • Any income deemed domestically sourced under Turkish tax law

After the 20-year period, standard Turkish income tax rules would apply — meaning foreign income would become taxable at Turkish progressive rates of 15%–40%, unless the law is extended or amended by a future parliament.

This is a long horizon and the Turkish tax landscape may change significantly in that timeframe. However, the 20-year window is written into the law, providing certainty for planning purposes.

This is an important question and the answer varies by country. Turkey has an extensive network of double tax treaties (over 85). In many cases, once you establish Turkish tax residency, you should be treated as a Turkish tax resident for treaty purposes — meaning your country of origin should recognise Turkey as your tax home and potentially relieve or reduce taxation there.

However, some countries (notably the US) tax their citizens on worldwide income regardless of residency. Others have specific exit tax rules. The interaction between Turkey's exemption and your home country's tax obligations must be evaluated by a qualified tax advisor who understands both jurisdictions.

The reduced 1% inheritance and gift tax rate applies to qualifying residents within the scope of the exemption scheme. Turkey's standard inheritance and gift tax rates range from 1% to 30% on a graduated scale, so this represents a significant reduction for high-value estates.

The precise scope — including whether it applies to assets held abroad that are transferred to or from qualifying residents — requires confirmation from a Turkish inheritance law specialist. This is particularly relevant for multi-generational wealth planning.

Companies & Corporate Tax

The legislation introduced the following corporate tax rates:

  • General manufacturing companies: Reduced from 25% to 12.5%
  • Manufacturing exporters (own goods): 9% on export profits
  • Other exporters: 11% on export income
  • Transit trade income at IFC: 100% exempt (previously 50%)
  • Transit trade income outside IFC: 95% exempt
  • IFC financial services export income: Fully exempt through 2047
  • Standard corporate tax rate (non-manufacturing): 25% (unchanged)
  • Banks and financial institutions: 30% (unchanged)

The Istanbul Finance Centre is a purpose-built financial district on the Asian side of Istanbul in Ataşehir. It hosts the Central Bank of Turkey, Borsa Istanbul, and major financial regulatory bodies. It was conceived as Istanbul's bid to become Eurasia's premier financial hub.

Special IFC benefits under the new law include:

  • Transit trade income: 100% corporate tax exemption
  • Financial services export income: Fully exempt through 2047
  • Regional headquarters: 100% earnings deduction (vs. 95% outside the IFC)
  • Qualified employee wage exemptions for staff of IFC-based structures
  • 10-year corporate tax exemption for companies newly entering the IFC (existing incentive)

Over 40 companies from Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Gulf countries are reportedly in active relocation talks with the IFC.

A regional headquarters (RHQ) structure allows a multinational company to establish its operational hub for a region (e.g., EMEA or MENA) in Turkey. Under the new law, qualifying RHQ operations benefit from:

  • 100% deduction of qualifying earnings from the corporate tax base if located within the IFC
  • 95% deduction outside the IFC
  • Wage exemptions for qualified staff employed by these structures

This effectively creates a near-zero corporate tax environment for qualifying international operating expenses routed through a Turkish RHQ. Specific definitions and conditions will be detailed in the implementing regulations following gazette publication.

Asset Amnesty

The law includes Turkey's eighth asset amnesty since 2008. It allows individuals and companies to declare assets held outside Turkey — including cash, gold, foreign currency, and securities — through Turkish banks or licensed brokerage firms, without facing tax investigations or penalties on the declared amounts.

Assets must be declared and transferred to qualifying Turkish accounts by 31 July 2027. Foreign assets must be physically transferred to Turkey within two months of declaration.

The tax rate applied depends on how long the assets remain in qualifying Turkish financial instruments:

  • 5 or more years: 0%
  • 4 years: 1%
  • 3 years: 2%
  • 2 years: 3%
  • 1 year: 4%
  • Less than 1 year (base rate): 5%

They are separate provisions within the same legislative package, but they are complementary. A new resident could, in theory, use the amnesty to bring overseas assets into Turkey at a low tax rate while simultaneously benefiting from the 20-year exemption on the income those assets generate abroad.

The amnesty is available to both individuals and companies, regardless of whether they are seeking the personal tax exemption.

The amnesty covers:

  • Cash held in foreign banks
  • Physical gold held abroad
  • Foreign currency accounts
  • Foreign-listed securities (shares, bonds, funds)

Declared assets must be transferred through Turkish licensed banks or brokerage firms. Foreign real estate is not included in this amnesty (you cannot declare a French apartment through this mechanism).

Practical Steps

While implementing regulations are still pending gazette publication, the expected process based on the legislation and existing Turkish procedures is:

  1. Obtain a Turkish residence permit — typically via an application to the Directorate General of Migration Management (DGMM).
  2. Register your address in Turkey with the local civil registry (Nüfus Müdürlüğü).
  3. Obtain a Turkish tax number (Vergi Kimlik Numarası) from the local tax office (Vergi Dairesi).
  4. Register as a Turkish tax resident through a local accountant or tax advisor — this is the formal step that triggers the exemption.
  5. File Turkish tax returns — your foreign income will not appear; only Turkish-source income is declared.

We strongly recommend engaging a Turkish tax advisor and potentially an immigration lawyer to guide you through this process correctly from the start.

The most relevant permit types for new residents seeking this exemption include:

  • Short-term residence permit — available to most nationalities, renewable, does not require employment in Turkey. Valid for 1–2 years.
  • Long-term (permanent) residence permit — available after 8 years of legal residence.
  • Turkish citizenship by investment — via a minimum US$400,000 real estate purchase or US$500,000 deposit in a Turkish bank. Citizenship grants full residency rights.
  • Work permit — for those employed by a Turkish entity (though this may create Turkish-source income).

Your nationality, income structure, and long-term goals determine which permit type is most appropriate.

This is one of the most practically important questions. Turkey's standard rule is that spending more than 183 days in a year creates tax residency. However, having a registered domicile (permanent home) in Turkey can also establish residency regardless of days spent.

The key is that once you are a Turkish tax resident, you remain so for each tax year in which you meet the residency conditions. If you spend extended periods outside Turkey, you may need to take care that you do not inadvertently become tax resident in another country simultaneously — which could create complex dual-residency situations.

A tax advisor should map out your travel patterns against Turkey's residency rules and those of any other country where you spend significant time.

Turkey's one-stop digital investment platform has been streamlined significantly — what previously took months now typically takes weeks for company setup and work permits. For personal residency and tax registration, the basic process (obtaining a tax number, registering an address, filing with the tax authority) can often be completed within 2–4 weeks once you are physically in Turkey with the correct documentation.

Complexity varies depending on your nationality, asset structure, and whether you are also establishing a company. Engaging an experienced local advisor before arriving is the most efficient approach.

Living in Turkey

Turkey offers several distinct lifestyle options:

  • Istanbul: The largest city, most cosmopolitan, excellent infrastructure, strong international school and healthcare offerings. Neighbourhoods like Beşiktaş, Nişantaşı, Bebek, Kadıköy, and Moda are popular with expats. Istanbul is also the centre of business activity and the IFC.
  • Bodrum: Upscale coastal resort town with a significant international community, marinas, and a relaxed lifestyle. Popular with entrepreneurs and those working remotely.
  • Antalya: Larger coastal city with excellent infrastructure, international airport, and a lower cost of living than Istanbul or Bodrum. Growing expat community.
  • Izmir: Turkey's third city, liberal and modern, on the Aegean coast with a pleasant climate and strong local culture.
  • Ankara: The capital, more conservative in character, primarily relevant for those connected to government or diplomatic circles.

Turkey's cost of living is significantly lower than most Western European cities — typically 40–60% below London, Paris, or Amsterdam for comparable quality. In practical terms:

  • A high-quality 2-bedroom apartment in a good Istanbul neighbourhood: €800–€1,800/month
  • The equivalent in central London or Paris: €2,500–€4,000+/month
  • Dining out (mid-range restaurant, two people): €25–€45
  • Private international school fees: €8,000–€18,000/year (vs. €20,000–€35,000+ in London)
  • Private healthcare: Comprehensive annual plans typically available for €1,000–€2,500/year for a family

For those earning in hard currencies (USD, EUR, GBP), Turkey offers an exceptionally high quality of life per unit of expenditure.

Turkey is home to millions of foreign residents and tourists annually. Istanbul in particular is a major global city with comprehensive infrastructure, healthcare, and security systems. Day-to-day life for foreign residents in major Turkish cities is generally comparable in safety to other major European cities.

As with any country, it is sensible to stay informed about local conditions and to review travel advisories from your home country's foreign ministry. Turkey is situated in a complex geopolitical region, which is worth factoring into long-term planning decisions.

Turkey has an extensive private healthcare sector with numerous JCI-accredited hospitals — the same international accreditation held by top hospitals in the UK and US. Istanbul in particular has world-class private hospitals such as Acıbadem, Memorial, and American Hospital that routinely attract medical tourists from across Europe and the Middle East.

Private health insurance in Turkey is affordable by Western standards, and most expats opt for a Turkish private health plan supplemented (if needed) by international coverage. English-speaking doctors are widely available in major cities.

Still have questions? We can help.

Register your interest and we'll connect you with the information and local professionals relevant to your situation — no obligation, no spam.

Register Your Interest →
Information service, not professional advice. This site summarises publicly available information about Turkey's enacted tax legislation. Nothing here constitutes legal, tax, or investment advice. Always consult qualified professionals before making residency or financial decisions. Law details are based on reporting as of 24–28 May 2026; verify against the Official Gazette once published.